Key Specifications
| Parameter | Value / Description |
| RF Transceiver | Semtech SX1278 |
| Operating Frequency | $433\text{ MHz}$ (Bandrange: $410\text{ MHz} – 525\text{ MHz}$) |
| Modulation Schemes | LoRa™, FSK, GFSK, MSK, GMSK, OOK |
| Operating Voltage | $1.8\text{V} – 3.7\text{V DC}$ (3.3V Typical — Not 5V tolerant!) |
| Transmit Power | Up to $+20\text{ dBm}$ ($100\text{ mW}$) |
| Receive Sensitivity | As low as $-148\text{ dBm}$ |
| Communication Range | Up to $3 – 5\text{ km}$ (Line-of-sight/Urban), up to $10\text{ km}$ (Rural/Optimal) |
| Interface | SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) |
| Antenna Connector | IPEX (U.FL) connector or spring antenna solder pad |
| Package / Dimensions | SMD-16 ($17\text{ mm} \times 16\text{ mm} \times 3.2\text{ mm}$) |
Common Pinout (SPI Interface)
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VCC: Power Supply ($3.3\text{V}$) -
GND: System Ground -
SCK: SPI Serial Clock -
MISO: Master In Slave Out -
MOSI: Master Out Slave In -
NSS/CS: SPI Chip Select / Slave Select -
RST: Hardware Reset -
DIO0: Digital I/O 0 (typically configured as TX/RX Interrupt)
⚠️ Important: If interfacing with a 5V microcontroller (such as an Arduino Uno), use a logic level converter on the SPI lines (MOSI, SCK, NSS) to prevent damaging the module. Never power or transmit without an antenna connected, as this can burn out the power amplifier.
Key Features & Applications
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Long-Range & Interference-Resistant: CSS modulation enables communication through high-noise environments and heavy obstacles.
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Low Power Consumption: Features ultra-low sleep current ($\approx 1\,\mu\text{A}$), making it ideal for battery-operated remote nodes.
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Applications:
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IoT remote sensor networks (agriculture, environment monitoring)
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Smart meter readings and telemetry
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Home automation and long-range remote control
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